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Английский язык в профессиональной деятельности.ои(dor_БАК(1/3) Решенные ответы 97/100 баллов отлично.
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Введение в курс
Тема 1. History of computers (История компьютеров)
Тема 2. Information dependent society (Информационно-зависимое общество)
Тема 3. Development of microelectronics (Развитие микроэлектроники)
Итоговая аттестация Итоговый тест
1. The slide rule in its basic form uses … logarithmic scales to allow fast multiplication and division of numbers
two
three
four
five
2. In 1936, Alan Turing invented a universal machine, which was later called …
the Colossus
the Turing machine
the Differential Analyzer
the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine
3. … are made for program logic and for computer memory
Monitors
Usb-ports
Vacuum tubes
Microchips
4. Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “In 1944 Howard Aiken (develop) … Mark l that could perform calculations involving large numbers”
5. The description of a type of microcomputer is down below: “This type of microcomputer is just like a Mobile Device, but bigger than Smartphone and smaller then Notebook Computer. Just like Totally Smartphone feature like Touch screen display, power full Battery Backup and we can calling and receiving call and click pictures and anything”. Find out, what kind of microcomputer it is.
This is a description of the tablet
This is a description of the laptop
This is a description of the smartphone
6. Match machines to their characteristics:
A. Jacquard Loom
B. Analytical Engine
C. Z3
D. Harvard Mark I
E. punched wooden cards
F. mechanical-digital computer
G. fully automatic computing machine
H. automatic sequence controlled calculator
7. The … is a small-scale special-purpose electronic digital machine for the solution of systems of linear algebraic equations and the first electronic computer incorporating vacuum tubes for digital computation
Colossus
Turing machine
Differential Analyzer
Atanasoff-Berry computer
8. Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Resolutions and colors of computers (progress) … quickly by 2022”
9. Match computers to their characteristics:
A. IBM
B. Apple
C. Mark 1
D. ENIAC
E. manufactured an easy-to-use computer with keyboard and mouse
F. stands for International Business Machine
G. the first computer
H. stands Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator
10. Arrange the computers in chronological order of their creation:
1 Mark 1
2 Atanasoff-Berry Computer
3 Z1
4 abacus
5 EDVAC
11. The “information economy” and “post-industrial society”, two concepts from that period, are still key parts of the information … concept
12. According to the research company comScore Networks in 2019, the number of Internet users worldwide amounted to 747 million people. The United States has the largest audience of Internet users – 153.4 million people, that is, almost every second American regularly goes online. In second place is China – in China today 86.8 million
Internet users. Russia still occupies 13th place in terms of the number of people connected to the Network – 12.7 million people. However, Africa with 800 million people accounts for only 1 % of the total number of its users in the world, with 90 % of them living in South Africa. Identify the type of information society problem in the above case study.
1 labor unemployment
2 inequality of countries and regions 3 insecurity of personal data
13. The network can serve as a means of … propaganda materials of criminal organizations, recipes for the manufacture of explosives and poisonous substances, weapons, narcotic and psychotropic drugs, and methods for breaking electronic and other ciphers
disseminating
decreasing
reduction
removal
14. The term “developed post-industrial society” was introduced by …
W. Martin
I. Rakitov
N. Kurnosov
F. Machlup
15. According to the … criterion highlighted by W. Martin, the main characteristics of the information society are information technology, which is widely used in production, institutions, the education system and in everyday life
social
cultural
economic
technological
16. The information society is established in those countries – … – in which a post- industrial society was formed in the 60s and 70s
in Brazil, Saudi Arabia, China
In Japan, the USA, Western Europe
in Indonesia, India, Singapore
in Russia, Poland, Georgia
17. One of the advantages of Russia is an advantageous geographical location between trade and information and telecommunication flows …
South-East
West-East
South-North
North-East
18. The unfair situation in society when some people have more opportunities, money, etc. than other people, is called …
19. Match the sentence with the time it was written:
A. Economists, sociologists, and other researchers began to investigate the effects of telecommunications and computing technologies on mature industrial countries during the 1950s and 1970s
B. For practically all of human history, labor has been sacral for the majority of people
C. Gartner has been studying and publishing the dynamics of the emergence and development of information technology for several years
D. The term “information society” refers to the social, economic, technological, and cultural changes
E. Present Perfect
F. Present Perfect Continuous
G. Present Simple
H. Past Simple
20. Match the main characteristics of the information society according to the following criteria by W. Martin:
A. Technological
B. Social
C. Economic
D. Political
E. Cultural
F. the key factor is information technologies, which are widely used in production, institutions, the education system and in everyday life
G. information acts as an important stimulant for changing the quality of life, “information consciousness” is formed and affirmed with wide access to information
H. information is a key factor in the economy as a resource, service, product, source of value added and employment
I. freedom of information leading to a political process characterized by growing participation and consensus among different classes and social strata of the population
J. recognition of the cultural value of information by promoting the assertion of information values in the interests of the development of the individual and society as a whole
21. … integrated circuits are the name for the initial generations of commercially produced microelectronic devices (SSI)
22. Below is a description of one of the technologies: “It is a subfield of electronics. These devices are typically made from semiconductor materials. These include transistors, capacitors, inductors, resistors, diodes and (naturally) insulators and conductors. As a result, this kind of IT has the potential to lower skill requirements in some vocations while raising them in others. It has influenced our daily lives in a variety of ways, making our routines a little more pleasant”. Which technology is described in the text?
This is a description of photonics, which are an application of light generation, detection, and manipulation through emission, transmission, modulation, signal processing, switching, amplification, and sensing
This is a description of nanoelectronics, because it refers to the use of nanotechnology in electronic components. It is a set of devices and materials, with the common characteristic that they are so small that inter-atomic interactions and quantum mechanical properties need to be studied extensively
This is a description of microelectronics, because as the name suggests, microelectronics relate, to the study and manufacture (or microfabrication) of very small electronic designs and components
23. The introduction of microelectronic circuits did not, for the most part, modify the
… of the basic functional units: transistors, resistors, capacitors, and other similar components were still used in microelectronic devices
list
future
number
character
24. The metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect …, which stands for MOSFET, is the most common in microelectronics
25. The last decade’s technological advancements have played a … part in the formation of modern society
poor
small
significant
inconsiderable
26. The early transistors were not only larger than the smallest tubes, but they were also more …
expensive
powerful
low
cheap
27. The transistor’s most significant advantage over the best vacuum tubes was that it consumed far …
less power
more power
less voltage
more voltage
28. “Molecular …” is a term for data storage technologies that use molecular species as the data storage element, rather than e.g. circuits, magnetics, inorganic materials or physical shapes
29. Match the parts of one sentence:
A. Today’s IT managers are faced with the task…
B. Another area where microelectronics has excelled is…
C. For the past 20 years, …
D. Microelectronics has influenced our daily lives in a variety of ways, …
E. …of providing more services to more users
F. …in the field of robotics
G. …the design of computer processors has remained stable
H. …making our routines a little more pleasant
30. Match the parts of one sentence:
A. Bell Telephone Laboratories’ John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William Shockley…
B. A second type of transistor was conceived…
C. Small-scale integrated circuits are the name…
D. Medium-scale integrated circuits have more than around 10 gates on a chip…
E. …devised the bipolar transistor in 1948
F. …about 25 years before bipolar transistors
G. …given to the earliest generations of commercially produced microelectronic devices (SSI)
H. …but fewer than approximately 200
31. Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Around the same period Intel (create) … three microprocessor designs”
32. The first recognized use of the word “computer” was from …
1575
1613
1753
1801
33. Nanoelectronics is the most … breakthrough in technical development
perfect
distant
ancient
recent
34. Arrange the stages in the history of transistors in chronological order:
1 use of vacuum tubes
2 creating a bipolar transistor
3 manufacture of field-effect transistors
35. In 1936, Alan Turing invented a universal machine, which was later called …
the Colossus
the Turing machine
the Differential Analyzer
the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine
36. A general-purpose computing device called the analytical engine was developed in 1837 by …
James Powers
Vannevar Bush
Charles Babbage
William Seward Burrough
37. Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Years ago this service (can) … be used to run algorithms and experiments, and explore tutorials and
simulations around what might be possible with quantum computing”
38. Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Displays (attain)
… VGA resolution by 1988, and 256-color screens were available by 1993”
39. Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “The microchip which (be) … a key component in the development of the personal computer”
40. Arrange the computers in chronological order of their creation:
1 abacus
2 Napier’s bones
3 Analytical Engine
4 ENIAC
5 UNIVAC
41. Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “In 1944 Howard Aiken (develop) … Mark l that could perform calculations involving large numbers”
42. Match the abbreviations and transcripts:
A. MSI
B. ALU
C. SSI
D. LSI
E. medium-scale integrated circuits
F. arithmetic and logic unit
G. small-scale integrated circuits
H. large-scale integrated circuit
43. Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Resolutions and colors of computers (progress) … quickly by 2022”
44. Burroughs converted to electronic desk … and in the mid to late 1970s their products dropped from the market
abacus
memory
calculators
block note
45. Bell Telephone Laboratories’ John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William Shockley devised the … transistor in 1948
46. Prior to the transistor’s discovery in 1947, the only way to execute its function in an electronic circuit was to use a … tube
47. Speaking about the development of the information society in Russia, I. N. Kurnosov writes that “the strategy for the formation of the information society in the transition period to a new system of property relations … take into account the special role and responsibility of the state”
must
should
have to
to have to
48. Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “What will the computers of the future (look) … like?”
49. Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “The power of computers (double) … roughly every 18 months to 2 years since the 1960s”
50. The explosion in world population and the rise of globalised trade demanded even faster and more flexible tools for processing …
data
trading
building
shipment
51. Information … must be viewed from two perspectives: as an independent industry, with its science, engineering, and manufacturing capabilities and as a basis for transformation of almost all areas of human activity
52. Match the highlighted words with their meaning in the sentence:
A. The primary goal of robotization is to raise the productivity of industrial processes and the quality of products
B. Tomorrow, software applications may create real-world simulations so realistic that it will be difficult to tell whether people are looking at a computer monitor or out the window; however, such advancements will only be possible with significant performance improvements and low-cost computer technologies
C. Multi-core processors also have the advantage of increasing performance without increasing power consumption, resulting in higher performance per watt
D. attribute
E. asyndetic sentence
F. object
53. The term “information…” refers to the social, economic, technological, and cultural changes that have occurred as a result of the rapid development and extensive use of information and communication technologies
people
