1. In recent years the environmental problems have become extremely urgent and received a great publicity. In some way they are the result of scientific and technological progress of the 20th century. But people also do a lot of harm to nature because they don’t understand that the man is the part of environment. The relationship between man and nature has become one of the most important problems facing civilization today. Do you agree that pollution of water and air is one of the most important problems the civilization is facing today? Explain your point of view: why do people do a lot of harm to nature?
2. Before setting off for India, we agonized long and hard over the best way to travel. Chris, my traveling companion, suggested we fly direct (at bucket shop prices of course!) and then backpack across the country. Backpacking appealed to me, but not flying. I was dying to travel overland across Europe and Asia and experience the sights, smells and sounds of each different country. Hitch-hiking was a seductive idea but it was also potentially risky. So, what form of transport would offer us flexibility and adventure without risk? Coach travel was unappealing. In the end, there was only one option. We took the train. Did the trip met our expectations? You bet it did! There is something incredibly exciting about boarding a night train and walking up in a different country. Which way of transportation did the travellers choose?
3. Time and again, the so-called problem of «fathers and children» is raised in the media and other sources. Today, this problem is becoming more urgent than it was before. The problem of generations has existed throughout the history of human existence. Conflict can arise in all areas of our lives: in society, in social institutions, and in families. The grounds for such conflicts lie in the social expectations that children and parents have. What do you think is one of the important causes of family conflicts?
4. Identifying and clarifying one’s values helps a person to understand himself and make the right choice. When a person neglects his values, he is not able to be himself. When he lives according to them, he remains true to himself, and this gives him a sense of inner rightness. How to define your values:
5. In today’s society, where many people face problems such as divorce, domestic violence and financial difficulties, it is «this» that becomes even more important. They help families overcome difficulties and maintain harmony and stability. The family is the foundation of society, and «it» plays an important role in shaping a healthy and harmonious society. «It» also contributes to the formation of a healthy society. When every family adheres to the principles of love, trust, respect and responsibility, this affects society as a whole. What do you think is meant by the words «this» and «it»? Select the appropriate value.
6. Which do you agree with most
7. You catch a student cheating in an exam. What do you do?
8. «It» refers to the discovery of something that already exists, often occurs in science and natural phenomena, involves new species or laws of nature. Creating something new, a product of human creativity and ingenuity, involves new technologies or processes. What do you think is described in the abstract?
9. The attitude of students of non-linguistic specialties to learning a foreign language as a socio-cultural resource can potentially affect the success of personal and professional development. Determine when it can be assumed that students consider foreign language communicative competence as a factor that increases the value of personal linguistic capital.
10. What do you think is the general opinion of Friedman and Trump?
11. Answer the question after the passage «Now, Therefore THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY proclaims THIS UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.» —United Nations, «Preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights» (1945) Why is the first passage significant in representing a turning point in modern world history?
12. Which of the theses you agree with most? Intercultural communication is basically the way that one person from a particular country would communicate with someone from the other one. Every culture has their own set of non-verbal gestures that could mean something completely different to an opposing culture. Verbal communication differs between different cultures and ethnic groups as well. Intercultural communication means many things. What does «intercultural» communication mean to you?
13. Choose the right variant The way in which plants, animals and people are related to each other and to the environment is…
14. People have produced new machines to make their life easier…..
15. A lot of ships crossing the oceans, especially those that carry oil, put their wastes into water. As a result …..
16. Fill in the gaps Factories dump a lot of ______________into air and water.
17. As we all know, water is the only ____ for fish.
18. The unpredictability of earthquakes causes great ____ to the population of these regions
19. Match the terms and their definitions.
20. Match the terms and their definitions.
21. Arrange the words in the correct order to make a sentence
22. In recent years the environmental problems have become extremely urgent and received a great publicity. In some way they are the result of scientific and technological progress of the 20-th century. But people also do a lot of harm to nature because they don’t understand that the man is the part of environment. The relationship between man and nature has become one of the most important problems facing civilization today. Do you agree that pollution of water and air is one of the most important problems the civilization is facing today? Explain your point of view: Why do people do a lot of harm to nature?
23. Choose the right variant A suspenseful adventure story or play or movie is called …
24. A white or silvered surface where pictures can be projected for viewing is called …
25. Organized series of acts and performances (usually in one place) is called …
26. Fill in the gaps __________ has been a form of entertainment since ancient times
27. Comedy is also a _____________of entertainment
28. Match the definition with the term A daily or weekly publication on folded sheets; contains news and articles and advertisements
29. Match the terms with the definitions
30. Match the terms with the definitions
31. Arrange the words in the correct order to make a sentence
32. Before setting off for India, we agonized long and hard over the best way to travel. Chris, my traveling companion, suggested we fly direct (at bucket shop prices of course!) and then backpack across the country. Backpacking appealed to me, but not flying. I was dying to travel overland across Europe and Asia and experience the sights, smells and sounds of each different country. Hitch-hiking was a seductive idea but it was also potentially risky. So what form of transport would offer us flexibility and adventure without risk? Coach travel was unappealing. In the end, there was only one option. We took the train. Did the trip met our expectations? You bet it did! There is something incredibly exciting about boarding a night train and walking up in a different country. Which way of transportation did the travellers choose?
33. Choose the right variant One of the ways to approach generation gap is to
34. The Internet was developed
35. Fill in the gaps Resent research shows that one of the main __________for keeping families apart is mere geography when grandparents live far from their children
36. A generation gap is a situation in which different______________ of people do not understand each other due to their different experiences
37. So the generation gap is _____________ a rapid change now.
38. The problem of distancing between generations is a major ______________for many grandparents
39. Match the terms with the definitions
40. Match the terms with the definitions
41. Arrange the words in the correct order to make a sentence
42. Time and again, the so-called problem of «fathers and children» is raised in the media and other sources. Today, this problem is becoming more urgent than it was before. The problem of generations has existed throughout the history of human existence. Conflict can arise in all areas of our lives: in society, in social institutions, and in families. The grounds for such conflicts lie in the social expectations that children and parents have. What do you think is one of the important causes of family conflicts?
43. Choose the right variant The doctor advised him to ______ on the amount of food he ate.
44. Having high levels of personal happiness …
45. People’s characters
46. Fill in the gaps They had a very _____ discussion on the political situation in their country.
47. This article offers new _____ into understanding how stress affects human behaviour.
48. Fill in the gap with a term The word _____________ fits logically in the sentence as it suggests that people try to achieve or accomplish something
49. Match the terms with definitions
50. Мatch the terms with definitions
51. Arrange the words in the correct order to make a sentence We engage in various forms of work to support ourselves and our families.
52. Choose the right variant Mutual understanding is…
53. The family system works like a
54. Fill in the gaps It is____________that you study hard if you want to succeed
55. She is a very _____________ daughter who spends all her time looking after her sick mother
56. A _____ family consists of partners living together with their biological or adopted children
57. Match the terms with the definitions
58. Match the terms with the definitions
59. Match the terms with the definitions
60. Arrange the words in the correct order to make a sentence
61. In today’s society, where many people face problems such as divorce, domestic violence and financial difficulties, it is «this» that becomes even more important. They help families overcome difficulties and maintain harmony and stability. The family is the foundation of society, and «it» plays an important role in shaping a healthy and harmonious society. «It» also contributes to the formation of a healthy society. When every family adheres to the principles of love, trust, respect and responsibility, this affects society as a whole. What do you think is meant by the words «this» and «that»? Select the appropriate value.
62. Choose the right variant Teachers can use creativity in their teaching practices
63. Teachers can promote emotional intelligence in the classroom
64. The benefit of technology integration in teaching is
65. Teachers can effectively collaborate with colleagues
66. Fill in the gaps A young child who is just beginning to walk is___________.
67. Match the terms with the definitions
68. Match the terms with the definitions
69. Arrange the words in the correct order to make a sentence
70. You catch a student cheating in an exam. What you cannot do?
71. Choose the right variant. The first successful long-distance wireless telegraph was developed by
72. Luise Goldenberg and Alva J. Fisher have been credited with the invention of the device
73. «God does not play dice with the universe» was said by …
74. The inventor of the light bulb known as the «Wizard of Menlo Park« is
75. Fill in the Gaps _______________ was a Scottish engineer and inventor of the world’s first working television system.
76. Fill in the gaps Inventions ___________all aspects of modern existence.
77. The study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the Earth including soil formation, classification and mapping is called _______________
78. Match the invention to the inventor.
79. Select the correct order of a series of events in science according to its time of occurrence.
80. Choose the right variant When languages are shown to have diverged from a common ancestor, they are called:
81. Monolinguals are those….
82. Choose the right variant (two answers) Examples of absolute universals in languages are
83. Fill in the gaps The many languages _____________________ are spread across the continent in a vast mosaic pattern.
84. Fill in the gaps. English has become the world’s most important language in politics, ____, trade, and cultural relations.
85. Fill in the gaps Spanish ranks the second in terms of ____ of speakers.
86. Match the terms with definitions
87. Match the terms with definitions
88. Put the words in the correct order to make up a question
89. The attitude of students of non-linguistic specialties to learning a foreign language as a socio-cultural resource can potentially affect the success of personal and professional development. Determine when it can be assumed that students consider foreign language communicative competence as a factor that increases the value of personal linguistic capital
90. Choose the right variant. To the global spread of cultural, economic, and political ideas refers the term
91. The opposite of «protectionism» in the context of globalization is
92. The term «transnational corporation» refers to…
93. The term «cultural imperialism» refers to…
94. Fill in the gaps Many people want ______________instead of regional rules
95. Fill in the gaps Anthropologists have reached some consensus on the meaning of globalization, but they still disagree about ______.
96. Fill in the gaps Many anthropologists today study «globalization from below» meaning they ______.
97. Match a correspondence between the global problems of our time and their type
98. Which of the theses you agree with most. What do you think is the general opinion of Friedman and Trump?
99. Answer the question after the passage «Now, Therefore THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY proclaims THIS UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.»
—United Nations, «Preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights» (1945) Why is the first passage significant in representing a turning point in modern world history?
100. Choose the right variant One’s sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group is called one’s
101. Meanings that are more personal, emotionally charged, private, and specific to a particular person or social group are called
102. Fil in the gaps The degrading of cultures and groups outside of one’s own and creating artificial divisions between cultures and groups is known as _____.
103. Rhetorical sensitivity is a ________ about how to encode messages.
104. Fil in the gaps Judgment made about another solely on the basis of ethnic or other group membership is known as ______.
105. Match the terms to the definitions
106. Match the terms to the definitions
107. Match the terms to the definitions
108. Arrange the words in the correct order to make a sentence Culture involves the psychological aspects of our expectations of the communication context.
109. Which of the theses you agree with most. Intercultural communication is basically the way that one person from a particular country would communicate with someone from the other one. Every culture has their own set of non-verbal gestures that could mean something completely different to an opposing culture. Verbal communication differs between different cultures and ethnic groups as well. Intercultural communication means many things. What does «intercultural» communication mean to you?
110. Luise Goldenberg and Alva J. Fisher have been credited with the invention of the device
111. The study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the Earth including soil formation, classification and mapping is called _______________
112. Match the terms with definitions
113. Match the terms with definitions
114. Choose the right variant Communication satellites are used to:
115. Dactylogram is related with:
116. Name the country which launched the first Satellite «Sputnik« into the space
117. Choose the right variant Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev received the Nobel Prize in chemistry for the invention of…
118. Fill in the gaps Famous scientist _______________discovered the radioactive element radium, thereby making a huge contribution to science
119. A subject of natural science concerned with the physical processes and physical properties of the Earth and its surrounding space environment, and the use of quantitative methods for their analysis_________________________________
120. Match the pictures with Name of Russian scientist
121. Select the correct order of a series of events in science according to its time of occurrence.
122. Answer the question after the passage Over the last two decades we have become more familiar with lots of devices under the heading «smart». Different accessories have appeared in the household, at work, when travelling and other spheres. There is a whole range of new products that promise to change lives in the most surprising ways. These products have the most surprising looks, many of them don’t look like computers. What do you think they really are?
123. Researches promise a bright future for glasses. When this device was tested at school students were amazed as they felt more confident when making presentation to the audience. The glasses also proved useful for chefs who wanted to check a recipe in the cookery book while cooking. The developers also predict that this gadget will be useful for surgeons giving them instant access to a patient’s medical notes carrying out operations. In your opinion, which thesis defines the described devices more precisely?
124. Choose the right variant (two answers) Examples of absolute universals in languages are…
125. Fill in the gaps There are ___________ languages in the world
126. Fill in the gaps ____________________ provided one of the first translation of text from Egyptian to Greek
127. English has become the world’s most important language in politics, ____, trade, and cultural relations
128. Match the term with definition
129. Put the words in the correct order to make up a question
130. Put the words in the correct order to make up a question
131. Consider the different types of assessment activities and determine which of them most contribute to the opportunity for students to develop a positive Self-concept.
132. Answer the question after the passage The attitude of students of non-linguistic specialties to learning a foreign language as a socio-cultural resource can potentially affect the success of personal and professional development. Determine when it can be assumed that students consider foreign language communicative competence as a factor that increases the value of personal linguistic capital.
133. Find the word that does not go with the others in meaning.
134. Match the terms with definitions
135. Мatch the terms with definitions
136. Match the terms with the definitions
137. Match the terms with the definitions
138. In today’s society, where many people face problems such as divorce, domestic violence and financial difficulties, it is «this» that becomes even more important. They help families overcome difficulties and maintain harmony and stability. The family is the foundation of society, and «it» plays an important role in shaping a healthy and harmonious society. «It» also contributes to the formation of a healthy society. When every family adheres to the principles of love, trust, respect and responsibility, this affects society as a whole. What do you think is meant by the words «this» and «that»? Select the appropriate value.
139. Fill in the gaps A young child who is just beginning to walk is___________.
140. Fill in the gaps A new online help site has been created to help ____________ of anxiety and stress
141. Only one person managed to get the answers ________correct
142. She has always been very ______________ and enjoys keeping up with the latest trends
143. He’s a successful businessman who’s had a dramatic _____ on the prosperity of the town
144. She was completely taken by surprise when he suddenly got down on one knee and _____ to her
145. Choose the right variant. They refused to ….. our help even though it was clear they needed it.
146. The figures for the report ……………before Wednesday’s board meeting
147. Choose the right variant The family system works like a…
148. Mutual understanding is…
149. Fill in the gaps A/an _____ family consists of partners living together with their biological or adopted children
150. Daphne and Nabil had each been raising one child of their own before they met. When they got married and decided to raise their two children together, they became a _______ family
151. After a few years of marriage, Daphne and Nabil decide to have a biological child. This child will be a _______ to their two children from previous relationships
152. Match the terms with the definitions
153. Match the terms with the definitions
154. Choose the right variant The primary role of communication skills in teaching is…
155. Subject matter expertise is important for teachers to…
156. Classroom management involves
157. Differentiation in teaching is essential…
158. Fill in the gaps The best way to use ________skills is to go abroad.
159. Fill in the gaps It‘s a difficult task which_____________ skill and experience.
160. Match the term with the definition
161. Choose the right variant The way in which plants, animals and people are related to each other and to the environment is…
162. Fill in the gaps Factories dump a lot of ______________into air and water.
163. Match the terms and their definitions.
164. Fill in the gaps __________ has been a form of entertainment since ancient times
165. Match the terms with the definitions
166. Match the terms with the definitions
167. Arrange the words in the correct order to make a sentence
168. The most correct definition of Sustainability is
169. The program of reducing use of underground water includes:
170. Soil issues associated with clearing trees in the catchment areas are
171. Fill in the gaps Environmental protection is an ________________________problem
172. Plants make the ________________effect
173. Match the word combinations and the prepositions.
174. Choose the right variant The experience of being entertained has come to be strongly associated with
175. An important aspect of entertainment is the
176. Choose the right variant In the past many forms of public […] were also offered as local entertainment
177. Fill in the gaps __________ has been a form of entertainment since ancient times
178. Fill in the gaps Comedy is also a _____________of entertainment
179. Match the term to the definition
180. Match the term to the definition
181. Fill in the gaps One advantage of living in a/an ____ is to strengthen relationship between young children and their parents
182. My grandpa is the most conservative person in my family. He never ____ about way of life
183. Four generations living in the same roof will have different ____ on lifestyle.
184. Choose the right variant One of the ways to approach generation gap is to
185. Family members are responsible for…..
186. Match the terms with the definitions
187. Match the terms and their definitions
188. Complete the sentences, using the words below: Kathy wrote a letter to her close friend.
189. Choose the right variant Which term refers to rules for appropriate communication behaviors?
190. Which term typically refers to studying comparisons of interactions among people of different cultures?
191. The public, objective, and legal meanings of a word are called…
192. Fil in the gaps The ability to communicate effectively and appropriately with people of cultures other than one’s own is known as ______
193. Authoritarian personality is an individual who tends to overgeneralize and think in bipolar terms and who is highly ________ of higher authority.
194. Fil in the gaps Negatively judging aspects of another culture by the standards of one’s own culture is known as ______
195. Match the terms to the definitions
196. Select the correct order of words to complete a sentence
197. Read the passage and answer the question under it Intercultural communication is basically the way that one person from a particular country would communicate with someone from the other one. Every culture has their own set of non-verbal gestures that could mean something completely different to an opposing culture. Verbal communication differs between different cultures and ethnic groups as well. Intercultural communication means many things. What does «intercultural» communication mean?
198. Read the passage and choose a variant
Some people say: why is it important for us to study intercultural communication? Intercultural communication is a very important subject. It teaches us how to manage differences. Culture is a very important thing in a person’s life. It is the identity of …
199. Choose the right variant. The term «globalization» refers to…
200. A synonym for «interconnectedness» is…
201. In the context of globalization the term «homogenization» means…
202. Which term refers еo the process of adapting global products or services to fit the preferences of local markets
203. Fill in the gaps Globalization encourages_____________ of ideas.
204. Globalization represents an increasing integration of all of the following except ______________
205. Patron Client Ties are _____
206. Match the examples of manifestation and the characteristics of global problems
207. Read a part of from a New York Times columnist Tom Friedman’s article called Why the World is Flat (2005) and answer the question This is Globalization 3.0. In Globalization 1.0, which began around 1492, the world went from size large to size medium. In Globalization 2.0, the era that introduced us to multinational companies, it went from size medium to size small. And then around 2000 came Globalization 3.0, in which the world went from being small to tiny. There’s a difference between being able to make long distance phone calls cheaper on the Internet and walking around Riyadh with a PDA (personal digital assistant) where you can have all of Google in your pocket. It’s a difference in degree that’s so enormous it becomes a difference in kind. For UPS to work, they’ve got to create systems with customs offices around the world. They’ve got to design supply chain algorithms so when you take that box to the UPS Store, it gets from that store to its hub and then out. Everything they are doing is taking fat out of the system at every joint.«
What does Friedman mean when he states «the world went from being small to tiny»?
208. Answer the question under the passage «Now, Therefore THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY proclaims THIS UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.»
—United Nations, «Preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights» (1945) Why is the first passage significant in representing a turning point in modern world history?
209. Match the term with definition
210. Find the word that does not go with the others in meaning.
211. Match the term with the definition
212. match the term with the definition
213. What plays an important role in motivating learning? Specify the correct options. (two variants)
214. Choose a solution for a described problem You have a troublesome high school senior who has gotten in repeated problems in your class. One day he cusses at you as he storms out of the class. He is sent to a week detention. When he returns to class you,
215. Match the terms with the definitions
216. Answer the question after the passage Most people recognize the importance of family values and strive to create strong families. In modern society, traditions are influenced by global changes in society. What do you think has become one of the biggest changes in society today?
217. In today’s society, where many people face problems such as divorce, domestic violence and financial difficulties, it is this that becomes even more important. They help families overcome difficulties and maintain harmony and stability. The family is the foundation of society, and it play(s) an important role in shaping a healthy and harmonious society. It also contribute(s) to the formation of a healthy society. When every family adheres to the principles of love, trust, respect and responsibility, this affects society as a whole. What do you think is meant by the words this and it? Select the appropriate value.
218. The figures for the report ……………before Wednesday’s board meeting
219. Match the term with the definition
220. Answer the question after the passage Identifying and clarifying one’s values helps a person to understand himself and make the right choice. When a person neglects his values, he is not able to be himself. When he lives according to them, he remains true to himself, and this gives him a sense of inner rightness. How to define your values:
221. A manager with an entrepreneurial mindset looks at the world through the prism of economics: how to benefit from the situation and minimize costs. This is what distinguishes him from an ordinary person. If an employee, wanting to earn more money, is looking for a high-paying job, then a person who thinks like an entrepreneur will reduce business costs and look for new directions for growth. What do you think an entrepreneurial mindset is?
222. Fill in the gaps One advantage of living in a/an ____ is to strengthen relationship between young children and their parents
223. My grandpa is the most conservative person in my family. He never ____ about way of life
224. Family members are responsible for…..
225. Match the terms with the definitions
226. Arrange the words in the correct order to make a sentence
227. Answer the question under the passage The conflict between generations is an aggravation of contradictions and a clash of interests between representatives of different generations due to differences in interests and conditions, the opposition of their political views, values, belonging to different subcultures. What do you think will be the most serious level of social conflict?
228. Time and again, the so-called problem of «fathers and children» is raised in the media and other sources. Today, this problem is becoming more urgent than it was before. The problem of generations has existed throughout the history of human existence. Conflict can arise in all areas of our lives: in society, in social institutions, and in families. The grounds for such conflicts lie in the social expectations that children and parents have. Generational conflicts have been studied by authors such as S. Minuchin, M. Bowen, K. Whitaker, V. Satyr. What do you think is one of the important causes of family conflicts?
229. Complete the sentences, using the words below: Kathy wrote a letter to her close friend.
230. Choose the right variant The experience of being entertained has come to be strongly associated with
231. An important aspect of entertainment is the
232. Choose the right variant In the past many forms of public […] were also offered as local entertainment
233. Fill in the gaps __________ has been a form of entertainment since ancient times
234. Fill in the gaps Comedy is also a _____________of entertainment
235. Arrange the words in the correct order to make a sentence
236. Choose an answer for the question after the passage Before setting off for India, we agonized long and hard over the best way to travel. Chris, my traveling companion, suggested we fly direct (at bucket shop prices of course!) and then backpack across the country. Backpacking appealed to me, but not flying. I was dying to travel overland across Europe and Asia and experience the sights, smells and sounds of each different country. Hitch-hiking was a seductive idea but it was also potentially risky. So, what form of transport would offer us flexibility and adventure without risk? Coach travel was unappealing. In the end, there was only one option left. We took the train. Did the trip meet our expectations? It did! There is something incredibly exciting about boarding a night train and waking up in a different country. Which way of transportation did the travellers choose?
237. We rattled through valleys and over mountains, peering through grimy windows at the stunning scenery. We visited ruins steeped in history and bustling modern cities. And we had adventures galore. In Italy, we fell in with some locals who were celebrating a village festival. We partied for hours and, when everyone had gone home, we camped out under the stars. In Russia we were visiting the Kremlin! We became impervious to the vicissitudes of train travel. Roasting in sweltering compartments by day and shivering in unheated carriages by night all seemed part of the adventure. We learnt to cope with the vagaries of foreign timetables and became adept at communicating by means of hand signals. By the time we reached India, we were already seasoned travelers. What have the travellers learned?
238. Match the terms and their definitions
239. Arrange the words in the correct order to make a sentence
240. Find a suitable word As a rule, it is more common to hear about hygiene in a physical sense — as about maintaining a clean body. However, in the field of data exchange, a kind of cleanliness is also important. For thousands of years, people have been passing on the traditions of personal hygiene to each other, and today there are almost no questions about how to take care of their health. The situation is different with hygiene in the online space. Humanity has been mastering the World Wide Web for a little over fifty years and is still at the level of a child who still needs to learn cleanliness in the digital space. Digital hygiene is not just a fashionable phrase, it is a/an […], which includes a set of measures and rules aimed at ensuring safety and maintaining health in the Internet space
241. Answer the question after the paragraph On March 18, 2023, the first digital clean—up day was held in Russia, the purpose of which is to draw the attention of users of the Internet to the problem of digital garbage. Another aim was to convince them to get rid of unnecessary files on smartphones, laptops or cloud storage. Do you think that abandoning digital garbage will help reduce the negative impact on the environment?
